ABSTRACT
Background: The growing prevalence of obesity among school adolescents is a major public health concern. It can be seen mostly as a result of modifiable risk factors like lack of required physical activity and rapid change in dietary habits among them.Methods: The present cross sectional descriptive study was done among adolescents studying in schools (government and private) of Bhopal city. School adolescents were classified as obese and non-obese as per the WHO criteria used for obesity in South East Asia Region (SEAR). Pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data which comprised of socio demographic information and various dietary habits like frequent consumption of fast & fried food, bakery products and little dietary behavior.Results: Out of total 6.6% obese school adolescents, majority of them consume fast foods (82%), fried foods (89%) and bakery products (79.5%) and all of these were positively associated with increased risk of obesity. Few eating behaviours like skipping breakfast, frequent snacking and eating outside were also found positively associated.Conclusions: There is definitely a major role of dietary habits for increased risk of obesity among school adolescents. So, it is the need of hour to create awareness among school adolescents regarding their dietary habits.
ABSTRACT
Nutrition of pre-school children (0-5 years age group) is of paramount importance because the foundation for lifetime health, strength and intellectual vitality is laid during this period. Aims: To assess the nutritional status and hemaoglobin status and morphological classification of anaemia of children below five years of age. Settings and Design : Community based cross-sectional study in children below five years of age from urban slum, Nagpur. Methods and Material : A house-to-house survey was done. By systematic random sampling 434 children below five years of age were included in the study. Every child was subjected to anthropometric measurements using standard technique. Haemoglobin estimation was done by using Sahli’s haemoglobinometer and peripheral smear was prepared. Statistical analysis : Data was analyzed on Epi- Info Software 3.2 version. Chi square test is used to test the significance. Result : 52.23 % were suffering from various grades of malnutrition. 32.18 % children were in grade I, 16.09 % in grade II, 3.46 % in grade III and 0.5 % in grade IV malnutrition. 78.71 children had anaemia (Hb < 11gm/dl). It was observed that 34.9 % children had microcytic and hypochromic anaemia, 19.6 % had dimorphic, 13.7% had normocytic normochromic and 7.5% had macrocytic anaemia. Out of these 2 children had sickle cell disease. A statistically significant association was observed between malnutrition and anaemia. Conclusion : Nutritional rehabilitation centers should be started in the community and linked with health centers to treat less severely affected undernourished children.
Subject(s)
Anemia/anatomy & histology , Anemia/classification , Anemia/epidemiology , Anemia/etiology , Anemia/therapy , Chi-Square Distribution , Child, Preschool , Child Nutrition Disorders/anatomy & histology , Child Nutrition Disorders/classification , Child Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Child Nutrition Disorders/therapy , Female , Humans , India , Male , Nutritional Status/epidemiology , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency (RF) tissue ablation has been tried safely and effectively in the West as percutaneous local tissue ablation therapy. We present our experience with this technique in malignant lesions. METHODS: RF tumor ablation was done using an RF generator (Berchtold; Germany) generating 35-50 RF watts of power output. The RF needle was placed in the tumor under image guidance (n = 22) or at open surgery (n = 1). Around 1500 watts/cm3 RF energy was delivered to the tumor. Over 21 months, 23 patients underwent the procedure for 73 lesions, including metastatic liver lesions (n = 21) and locally advanced inoperable carcinoma of pancreas (n = 2). RESULTS: All lesions less than 3 cm in size (n = 15) and 39% of lesions 3-4 cm in size (17/44) had complete necrosis. Residual tumor was seen in 27/44 lesions (61%) 3-4 cm in size and in all 14 lesions more than 4 cm in size. There was no mortality or major morbidity. There were two minor complications (ascites 1, pleural effusion 1). Of 21 patients treated for liver metastases, 10 are still alive (6-month survival 19/21 [90%] and 12-month survival 11/17 [64.7%]). Only 2 of 32 (6.2%) lesions with complete necrosis had local recurrence. CONCLUSION: RF tumor ablation is a safe and effective local tissue ablative method in Indian patients.